RSV Explained: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

 



Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common and highly contagious virus that affects the respiratory system. While many people recover quickly, RSV can cause serious illness in infants, young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems.

With RSV cases rising during cooler months in Australia, it's important to understand how the virus spreads, what symptoms to watch for, and how to protect yourself and your loved ones.

What Is RSV?

RSV, short for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, is a viral infection that affects the lungs and airways. It’s one of the most common causes of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs) and pneumonia in children under 2 years of age.

Most people are infected with RSV by age 2, but reinfection can occur at any age.

Causes: How RSV Spreads

RSV spreads similarly to the flu and the common cold. It is transmitted through:

  • Droplets from a cough or sneeze
  • Direct contact with contaminated surfaces (e.g. toys, doorknobs)
  • Touching the face after touching an infected surface or person

RSV is more active in late autumn and winter in Australia, especially in childcare centres, schools, and aged care settings.

Symptoms of RSV

In Babies and Young Children:

  • Persistent cough and wheezing
  • Difficulty feeding
  • Rapid or laboured breathing
  • Fever
  • Lethargy or irritability
  • Bluish lips or fingernails (seek immediate care)

In Adults:

  • Cold-like symptoms
  • Mild cough
  • Sore throat
  • Runny nose
  • Low-grade fever
  • In severe cases: shortness of breath and chest congestion

For older adults or those with chronic lung or heart conditions, RSV symptoms in adults can lead to complications like pneumonia.

How RSV Is Diagnosed

If RSV is suspected, especially in children or elderly individuals, a healthcare provider may recommend:

  • A physical exam
  • Listening to the lungs
  • Nasal swab testing (in certain cases)

A telehealth GP consultation can be a great first step for discussing symptoms, especially if you're unsure whether it's RSV, the flu, or COVID-19. You may also be able to get a medical certificate for RSV symptoms if you're too unwell to work or attend school.

Treatment for RSV

There is currently no cure for RSV, and most infections are managed at home with:

  • Rest and fluids
  • Fever management (e.g. paracetamol for children if needed)
  • Nasal suction for infants
  • Humidifier use for easier breathing

Hospital care may be needed in severe cases, particularly for infants with breathing difficulties or dehydration.

Prevention: How to Protect Your Family from RSV

Although there's no vaccine for RSV for the general public (as of now), you can reduce the risk of infection with these steps:

  • Wash hands frequently
  • Keep children away from crowded places during RSV season
  • Clean surfaces and toys regularly
  • Avoid kissing babies on the face if you have cold-like symptoms
  • Stay home when unwell and book an online doctor appointment if you’re unsure

When to See a Doctor

You should contact a telehealth GP or visit a clinic if you or your child experiences:

  • Difficulty breathing
  • High fever that doesn’t go down
  • Not eating or drinking well
  • Unusual fatigue or drowsiness

In Australia, you can access a telehealth consultation, get an online GP Australia-based appointment, or even receive an online medical certificate from the comfort of your home.

Final Thoughts

RSV is a common virus, but it can lead to serious complications, especially in babies, older adults, and those with existing conditions. Understanding the symptoms and how it spreads helps keep your family safer, particularly during winter.

For medical support or guidance, you can speak to a telehealth home doctor through Hola Health. Get advice, prescriptions, or certificates all online — no waiting rooms needed.

 

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